Unfortunately, these changes can happen very quickly and can be influence by genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. Stress increases the amount of harmful substances that can enter the brain leading to a stronger “high,” greater toxicity, and increased risk of overdose. Stress also renders the brain less likely to return to normal once drug use begins. Stress intensifies cravings and increases the risk of relapse.  

Even more unfortunate is that the time it takes the brain to reverse these changes is significantly longer. Exposure to the drugs and their cues even after years of abstinence can trigger bouts of intense desire and craving for the drug. However, scientist now believe that the brain can heal with strenuous and consistent therapy. All brain cells are capable of growing new pathways which helps the brain bypass damaged areas. Certain parts of the brain are capable of cell neurogenesis (growing new cells) throughout our life.